> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://book.gxd88.cn/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://book.gxd88.cn/kubernetes-monitor/prometheusfeik8sbushu.md).

# 8.1 prometheus非k8s部署

## 1.环境要求:

* 内核要求: 官⽅方要求Linux 2.6.32-696.6.3.el6.x86\_64及以上版本 配置:
* CPU: 2核⼼心以上
* 内存: 4G以上
* 磁盘: 高效磁盘存储40G以上
* 软件存放⽬目录:/data/soft 应⽤用安装⽬目录:/data/services
* 应⽤用名称及版本:Prometheus 2.5 alertmanager:0.15.3 blackbox插件:0.13.0

## 2.应⽤用部署

### 2.1.导⼊入应⽤用程序

```
应⽤用官⽅方下载地址https://prometheus.io/download/ ，根据操作系统，下载 prometheus-2.5.0.linux-amd64，alertmanager-0.15.3.linux-amd64，blackbox_exporter-0.13.0.linux-amd64，将安装包上传⾄至服务器器/data/soft ⽬目录:
```

```
[root@prome-devops01cn ~]# cd /data/soft/
[root@prome-devops01cn soft]# ls
alertmanager-0.15.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
blackbox_exporter-0.13.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
```

### 2.2.部署prometheu

#### 2.2.1.解压prometheus

```
[root@prome-devops01cn soft]# tar xvf prometheus- 2.5.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /data/services/
[root@prome-devops01cn soft]# cd /data/services/prometheus- 2.5.0.linux-amd64/
[root@prome-devops01cn prometheus-2.5.0.linux-amd64]# ls LICENSE NOTICE console_libraries consoles prometheus prometheus.yml promtool
```

> 主配置⽂文件为prometheus.yml，启动⽂文件为prometheus

#### 2.2.2.查看默认配置⽂文件

```
[root@prome-devops01cn prometheus-2.5.0.linux-amd64]# cat prometheus.yml
# my global config
global:
      scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval
      to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
        evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15
      seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
        # scrape_timeout is set to the global default
      (10s).
      # Alertmanager configuration
      alerting:
        alertmanagers:
        - static_configs:
```

> targets:
>
> 127.0.0.1:9093 #报警组件alertmanager地址(在下
>
> 一节说明alertmanager部署)

```
      # Load rules once and periodically evaluate them
      according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
      rule_files:
        - "alert_rules.yml" #指定报警表达式配置⽂文件 # - "second_rules.yml"
      # A scrape configuration containing exactly one
      endpoint to scrape:
      # Here it's Prometheus itself.
      scrape_configs:

         # The job name is added as a label `job=
<
job_name
>
`
      to any timeseries scraped from this config.
        - job_name: 'prometheus'
          # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
          # scheme defaults to 'http'.
          static_configs:
          - targets: ['localhost:9090']
```

#### 2.2.3.启动prometheus服务测试

```
[root@prome-devops01cn prometheus-2.5.0.linux-amd64]# ./prometheus --config.file=prometheus.yml -- storage.tsdb.path=/data/prometheus/data --web.enable- lifecycle --web.enable-admin-api
      level=info ts=2018-12-11T06:58:03.435600341Z
      caller=main.go:245 build_context="(go=go1.11.1,
      user=root@578ab108d0b9, date=20181106-11:40:44)"
      level=info ts=2018-12-11T06:58:03.435622783Z
      caller=main.go:246 host_details="(Linux 2.6.32-
      696.6.3.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Jul 12 14:17:22 UTC
      2017 x86_64 prome-devops01cn.pek3.example.net (none))"
      level=info ts=2018-12-11T06:58:03.435642981Z
      caller=main.go:247 fd_limits="(soft=65535,
      hard=65535)"
      level=info ts=2018-12-11T06:58:03.435658441Z
      caller=main.go:248 vm_limits="(soft=unlimited,
      hard=unlimited)"
      level=info ts=2018-12-11T06:58:03.45888677Z
      caller=web.go:399 component=web msg="Start listening
      for connections" address=0.0.0.0:9090
      level=info ts=2018-12-11T06:58:03.480182187Z
      caller=main.go:562 msg="Starting TSDB ..."

        level=info ts=2018-12-11T06:58:03.484976222Z
       caller=main.go:572 msg="TSDB started"
       level=info ts=2018-12-11T06:58:03.48501841Z
       caller=main.go:632 msg="Loading configuration file"
       filename=prometheus.yml
```

> level=info ts=2018-12-11T06:58:03.485957364Z caller=main.go:658 msg="Completed loading of configuration file" filename=prometheus.yml level=info ts=2018-12-11T06:58:03.48597572Z caller=main.go:531 msg="Server is ready to receive web requests."\
> 出现上⾯面的提示，说明prometheus服务启动正常
>
> \--config.file 指定配置⽂文件\
> \--storage.tsdb.path 指定数据存储路路径 --web.enable-lifecycle 允许运⾏行行期间通过接⼝口进⾏行行关闭和重新 加载服务\
> \--web.enable-admin-api 允许使⽤用api

#### 2.2.4.启动服务

```
[root@prome-devops01cn prometheus-2.5.0.linux-amd64]# [root@prome-devops01cn prometheus-2.5.0.linux-amd64]# ./prometheus --config.file=prometheus.yml -- storage.tsdb.path=/data/prometheus/data --web.enable- lifecycle --web.enable-admin-api 
&
 查看启动端⼝口，默认9090
[root@prome-devops01cn prometheus-2.5.0.linux-amd64]# netstat -nplt|grep 9090
```

> tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0U9090 0.0.0.0:\* LISTEN 7898/./prometheus\
> 出现端⼝口说明启动成功

当配置⽂文件更更新后，执⾏行行curl -X POST<http://localhost:9090/-/reload>指令进⾏行行配置的重新加载

#### 2.2.5.访问prometheus

浏览器器输⼊{ip}:9090

### 2.3.部署alertmanager

#### 2.3.1.解压alertmanager

```
[root@prome-devops01cn prometheus-2.5.0.linux-amd64]# cd /data/soft/
[root@prome-devops01cn soft]# ls alertmanager-0.15.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz blackbox_exporter-0.13.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz prometheus-2.5.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz [root@prome-devops01cn soft]# tar xvf alertmanager- 0.15.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /data/services/ [root@prome-devops01cn ~]# cd /data/services/alertmanager-0.15.3.linux-amd64/ [root@prome-devops01cn alertmanager-0.15.3.linux- amd64]# ls
LICENSE NOTICE alertmanager alertmanager.yml amtool
```

> alertmanager为启动⽂文件\
> alertmanager.yml为报警配置⽂文件

#### 2.3.2.查看配置⽂文件

```
[root@prome-devops01cn alertmanager-0.15.3.linux- amd64]# cat alertmanager.yml
global:
         resolve_timeout: 5m

        route:
         group_by: ['alertname']
         group_wait: 10s
         group_interval: 10s
         repeat_interval: 1h
         receiver: 'web.hook'
       receivers:
       - name: 'web.hook'
         webhook_configs:
         - url: 'http://127.0.0.1:5001/'
       inhibit_rules:
         - source_match:
             severity: 'critical'
           target_match:
             severity: 'warning'
           equal: ['alertname', 'dev', 'instance']
```

> 该配置⽂文件设置报警相关策略略，根据实际情况进⾏行行配置

#### 2.3.3.启动测试

```
[root@prome-devops01cn alertmanager-0.15.3.linux- amd64]# ./alertmanager -- config.file="alertmanager.yml" -- storage.path="/data/alertmanager/data"
       level=info ts=2018-12-11T10:17:55.059583568Z
       caller=main.go:174 msg="Starting Alertmanager"
       version="(version=0.15.3, branch=HEAD,
       revision=d4a7697cc90f8bce62efe7c44b63b542578ec0a1)"
       level=info ts=2018-12-11T10:17:55.059660154Z
       caller=main.go:175 build_context="(go=go1.11.2,
       user=root@4ecc17c53d26, date=20181109-15:40:48)"
       level=info ts=2018-12-11T10:17:55.062711689Z
       caller=cluster.go:155 component=cluster msg="setting
       advertise address explicitly" addr=10.41.11.30
```

> level=info ts=2018-12-11T10:17:55.065446537Z caller=main.go:322 msg="Loading configuration file" file=alertmanager.yml\
> level=info ts=2018-12-11T10:17:55.06549233Z caller=cluster.go:570 component=cluster msg="Waiting for gossip to settle..." interval=2s\
> level=info ts=2018-12-11T10:17:55.068726117Z caller=main.go:398 msg=Listening address=:9093 level=info ts=2018-12-11T10:17:57.065690074Z caller=cluster.go:595 component=cluster msg="gossip not settled" polls=0 before=0 now=1 elapsed=2.000103415s\
> level=info ts=2018-12-11T10:18:05.066282505Z caller=cluster.go:587 component=cluster msg="gossip settled; proceeding" elapsed=10.000715033s

出现上⾯面提示，说明alertmanager服务启动正常

> \--config.file 指定配置⽂文件\
> \--storage.tsdb.path 指定数据存储路路径

#### 2.3.4.启动服务

`[root@prome-devops01cn alertmanager-0.15.3.linux- amd64]# ./alertmanager -- config.file="alertmanager.yml" -- storage.path="/data/alertmanager/data" &`

查看启动端⼝口，默认9093

`[root@prome-devops01cn alertmanager-0.15.3.linux-amd64]# netstat -napl|grep 9093 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0U9093 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7921/./alertmanager`

出现端⼝口说明启动成功\
当配置⽂文件更更新后，执⾏行行curl -X POST<http://localhost:9093/-/reload>指令进⾏行行配置的重新加载

#### 2.3.5.访问alertmanager

浏览器器输⼊入{ip}:9093

### 2.4部署blackboxexporter

> Blackboxexporter作为prometheus的监控组件，主要⽤用于ICMP，http，https，DNS等协议的监控

#### 2.4.1.解压blackbox\_exporter

```
[root@prome-devops01cn soft]# tar xvf blackbox_exporter-0.13.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /data/services/
[root@prome-devops01cn soft]# cd /data/services/blackbox_exporter-0.13.0.linux-amd64/ [root@prome-devops01cn blackbox_exporter- 0.13.0.linux-amd64]# ls
LICENSE NOTICE blackbox.yml blackbox_exporter 主配置⽂文件为 blackbox.yml，启动⽂文件为blackbox_exporter
```

#### 2.4.2.查看默认配置⽂文件

```
[root@prome-devops01cn blackbox_exporter- 0.13.0.linux-amd64]# cat blackbox.yml modules:
         http_2xx:
           prober: http
           http:
         http_post_2xx:
           prober: http
           http:

             method: POST
        tcp_connect:
          prober: tcp
        pop3s_banner:
          prober: tcp
          tcp:
            query_response:
            - expect: "^+OK"
            tls: true
            tls_config:
              insecure_skip_verify: false
        ssh_banner:
          prober: tcp
          tcp:
            query_response:
            - expect: "^SSH-2.0-"
        irc_banner:
          prober: tcp
          tcp:
            query_response:
            - send: "NICK prober"
            - send: "USER prober prober prober :prober"
            - expect: "PING :([^ ]+)"
              send: "PONG ${1}"
            - expect: "^:[^ ]+ 001"
        icmp:
          prober: icmp
```

默认配置已满⾜足监控http协议的需求，因此不不需要进⾏行行修改3.启动试

```
      [root@prome-devops01cn blackbox_exporter-
      0.13.0.linux-amd64]# ./blackbox_exporter --
      config.file="blackbox.yml"
      level=info ts=2018-12-11T14:13:23.617132472Z
      caller=main.go:215 msg="Starting blackbox_exporter"
```

> version="(version=0.13.0,branch=HEAD,revision=1cfb7512daa7e100abb32037996c8f805990d813)"level=infots=2018-12-11T14:13:23.617578759Zcaller=main.go:228msg="Loadedconfigfile"level=infots=2018-12-11T14:13:23.617670962Zcaller=main.go:332msg="Listeningonaddress"address=:9115

出现上⾯面提示，说明blackbox\_exporter服务启动正常

> \--config.file指定配置⽂文件

#### 2.4.3.启动服务

```
[root@prome-devops01cn blackbox_exporter- 0.13.0.linux-amd64]# ./blackbox_exporter -- config.file="blackbox.yml" 
&
 查看启动端⼝口，默认9115
[root@prome-devops01cn blackbox_exporter- 0.13.0.linux-amd64]# netstat -nplt|grep 9115 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9115
```

> 0.0.0.0:\*8302/./blackbox\_exp出现端⼝口说明启动成功

#### 2.4.4.访问metric浏览器器输⼊入{ip}:9115

## 3.配置演示

### 3.1.配置prometheus监控URL

#### 3.1.1.增加prometheus配置

调⽤用blackbox\_exporter监控url

```
scrape_configs:
# The job name is added as a label `job=
<
job_name
>
` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
- job_name: 'prometheus'
# metrics_path defaults to '/metrics' # scheme defaults to 'http'.
static_configs:
- targets: ['localhost:9090'] - job_name: 'blackbox'
metrics_path: /probe params:
module: [http_2xx] static_configs:
- targets:
- www.baidu.com
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__address__]
target_label: __param_target
- source_labels: [__param_target]
target_label: instance
- target_label: __address__
replacement: 127.0.0.1U9115
```

完成配置后，需重新加载配置⽂文件

```
[root@prome-devops01cn prometheus-2.5.0.linux-amd64]# curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1U9090/-/reload
level=info ts=2018-12-11T14U41U12.266612849Z caller=main.go:632 msg="Loading configuration file" filename=prometheus.yml level=info ts=2018-12-11T14U41U12.267220069Z caller=main.go:658 msg="Completed loading of configuration file" filename=prometheus.yml
```

没有报错，说明新配置成功加载

#### 3.1.2.验证监控

web打开prometheus查看"probe\_http\_status\_code" metric\
可以看到监控的百度地址，返回状态结果200，正常

### 3.2.添加监控报警值

在prometheus根⽬目录设置prometheus报警⽂文件alert\_rules.yml(可⻅见prometheus部署⼩小节)，该配置由主配置⽂文件的

```
rule_files:
- "alert_rules.yml" 指定，相对路路径为prometheus部署路路径
       [root@prome-devops01cn prometheus-2.5.0.linux-amd64]#
       cat alert_rules.yml
       groups:
       - name: blackbox_exporter.rules
         rules:
         - alert: urlStatusDown
expr: probe_http_status_code{job="blackbox"} 
>
 200 #表达式判断url响应码⼤大于200报警
           for: 1m
           labels:
             severity: critical
           annotations:
             description: '{{$labels.job}} |
       {{$labels.instance}} down | value: {{$value}}.'
             summary: '{{$labels.instance}}'
```

配置完成后，重新加载配置⽂文件

```
[root@prome-devops01cn prometheus-2.5.0.linux-amd64]# curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:9090/-/reload
level=info ts=2018-12-11T14:48:59.580411965Z
caller=main.go:632 msg="Loading configuration file"
filename=prometheus.yml
level=info ts=2018-12-11T14:48:59.581377255
caller=main.go:658 msg="Completed loading of
configuration file" filename=prometheus.yml
```

加载⽆无误后，查看prometheus alert\
在alert选项中可以看到刚刚添加的报警项，报警⽅方式需要根据实际情况进⾏行行配置